Science

Standing Waves

standing-wave.jpgDriving home this afternoon, I saw this cloud formation. It’s an ‘atmospheric wave’ which is formed by the atmosphere rising and falling like ripples in a pond. When the air rises above a threshold, its temperature drops below the point where visible moisture condenses. As it flows downward, it warms again and the moisture evaporates.

This type of formation can occur in the lee side of mountains or ahead of an approaching front under the ‘right’ conditions. This wave is one ahead of a front since there is rain in the forecast later this evening.

Pilots of smaller aircraft are wary of areas where these form since turbulence can be severe to extreme. I can tell you from personal experience as a pilot that it is not much fun trying to keep the wings level in even moderate turbulence.

UPDATE: The forecast was accurate – our chance of rain is now 100% at 7:50PM PDT.

March 14 – PI Day

pi.gifIn keeping with the last nerdy post about mathematics, I would like to wish you a happy PI (3.14..) day! In my career in aerospace and also as a pilot and flight instructor, I use the quantity PI (approximately equal to 3.14159265) for all kinds of engineering and navigation applications.

In the excerpt below is the notion that you can approximate the value of PI by throwing needles or frozen hot dogs. Don’t laugh, it works – a group of us a long time ago in a lab at work performed the experiment using tongue depressors. The method uses the laws of probability to approximate PI when you divide the number of throws by the number of times a tossed object crosses one of the reference lines. The lines are set at intervals equal to the length of the objects being thrown.

From SpaceWeather.com

HAPPY PI DAY: March 14th (3.14) is PI day and all around the world mathematicians are celebrating this compelling and mysterious constant of Nature. PI appears in equations describing the orbits of planets, the colors of auroras, the structure of DNA. It’s everywhere.

Humans have been struggling to calculate PI for thousands of years. Divide the circumference of a circle by its diameter; the ratio is PI. Sounds simple, but the devil is in the digits. While the value of PI is finite (a smidgen more than 3), the decimal number is infinitely long:

3.1415926535897932384626433832795
02884197169399375105820974944592307
81640628620899862803482534211706…more

Supercomputers have succeeded in calculating PI to more than 200 billion digits and they’re still crunching. The weirdest way to compute PI: throw needles at a table or frozen hot dogs on the floor. Party time!

Spiral Seashell

Fibonacci shellWhen Damsel snapped this picture of a seashell a couple of days ago, it reminded me of a class I took in school. One segment of this class studied the mathematics of pattern formations in nature. It was interesting to me then and has been interesting since.

The phenomenon of an expanding spiral, as in the photo, comes from a number progression known as the Fibonacci series. The series is formed by starting with 0 and 1 and then adding the latest two numbers to get the next number in the progression. The first Fibonacci numbers are 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, and so on.

spiralIf you stack squares of dimensions in the Fibonacci sequence and connect the base intersections with a smooth curve, you get a spiral that resembles that of the shell. In the diagram at the left, two squares of dimension 1 are located in the center of the spiral, and squares of 2, 3, 5, 8 and 13 are added to the rectangle stack.

A property of the Fibonacci series is that as the series progresses, the ratio of adjacent numbers converges on a quantity known as the Golden Ratio or Golden Section. Golden Ratio comes from a name given by renaissance mathematicians. It was probably Leonardo da Vinci who first called it the sectio aurea (Latin for the golden section). The Golden Ratio appears regularly in arts, in architecture and in nature.

For everything you ever wanted to know about the Fibonacci series numbers and the Golden Section, visit Dr Ron Knott’s multimedia web site.

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Portuguese Bend Landslide

According the the Natural Sciences Department at Cal State University Long Beach, this is a translational landslide. Slides like this move pretty slow. This one, in particular, has moved about 600 feet over the past 50 years. The motion is enough, however, to keep the road builders and line painters busy along this stretch of Palos Verdes Drive South. After a few months movement, however, it looks as it does in this shot taken by Damsel last week.

Portuguese Bend

A Computerized Anti-Snore Pillow

To paraphrase Br’er Rabbit:

Necessity may be the mother of invention, but ingenuity surely must be the daddy.”

From Reuters via eWEEK News:

Computerized Pillow Said to Stop Snoring

snore-no-moreThe computer reduces or enlarges air compartments within the pillow to facilitate nasal airflow to minimize snoring.

A German scientist has come up with a solution for snoring—a computerized pillow that shifts the head’s sleeping position until the noise stops.

Daryoush Bazargani, professor of computer science at the University of Rostock and the pillow’s inventor, was displaying a prototype of his pillow at a health conference in Germany on Wednesday.

“The pillow is attached to a computer, which is the size of a book, rests on a bedside table, and analyzes snoring noises,” Bazargani says. “The computer then reduces or enlarges air compartments within the pillow to facilitate nasal airflow to minimize snoring as the user shifts during sleep.”

The ergonomic pillow can also be used for neck massages.

Bazargani says several U.S. firms were interested in manufacturing the pillow.

“I invented it because I snore,” he says. “I tried all sorts of products, but nothing worked. I hope people who use it will sleep more peacefully.”

Note: the photo is of a competing product currently being marketed as a snore-no-more pillow.

Worth A Thousand Words

green-graph.jpgWe’re adding a new item to our Global Warming Resources page. The National Center for Policy Analysis has compiled a Global Warming Primer in PDF format that illustrates in graphical form some of the concepts of Global Warming that are often misunderstood or not understood at all by many people with opinions about climate change.

At the right is a pie chart illustrating that greenhouse gasses are less than 5 percent of the atmosphere. A subsequent pie chart shows that 95 percent of that small wedge is harmless water vapor!

The primer is an easy read since most of the pages are graphs and pie charts with annotations to clearly explain to the reader what concepts are being presented. The primer is based on a review of available scientific research. The NCPA received no money and no input from any private company or government agency.

The primer is a welcome change from the myriad of complex and often daunting data on the subject. All that engineering and scientific stuff is fine for some of us, but try and explain it to your kids and others without the background and you get blank stares.

Hat tip to Planet Gore – A Global Warming Primer: A Graph is worth 1,000 words.

Recent Developments in the World of Climate Science

This post has been condensed and abridged from Mark Alexander‘s excellent essay, Debunking the gullible warming Gorons. Mark is the publisher of The Patriot Post and I encourage you to read his complete article and to visit his website.

Correcting the Record

Recent analysis shows that many domestic climate monitoring stations have issues that affect their accuracy. That, coupled with NASA’s recent admission that there was an ‘error’ in calculations performed under the supervision of NASA scientist James Hansen, a Democratic activist and climate warming alarmist, shed further doubt on what we’ve been told. In fact, the warmest year of the 20th century was actually 1934, not 1998 like Hansen, et al, would have us believe. Several of the warmest years of the 20th century occurred prior to the rapid vertical component of alarmist’s favorite “hockey stick” temperature graphic.

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