Science

Third Van Allen Radiation Belt Discovered

NASA’s twin Van Allen Probes, launched just last August, have revealed a previously unknown third radiation belt around Earth. Video and highlighted quote courtesy NASA.

Van Allen Probes Discover a New Radiation Belt

Previous observations of the Van Allen belts dating back to the late 1950s have documented two distinct regions of trapped radiation surrounding our planet, known as the inner and outer radiation belts. Particle sensors aboard the twin Van Allen Probes quickly revealed to scientists the existence of a transient, third radiation belt. Scientists observed the third belt for four weeks before a powerful interplanetary shock wave from the sun annihilated it.

What a surprise – the Sun modulates the Van Allen Belts.

Be Very Skeptical of Climate Change Alarmists

Via Planet Gore:

Don’t look now, but maybe a scientific consensus exists concerning global warming after all. Only 36 percent of geoscientists and engineers believe that humans are creating a global warming crisis, according to a survey reported in the peer-reviewed Organization Studies. By contrast, a strong majority of the 1,077 respondents believe that nature is the primary cause of recent global warming and/or that future global warming will not be a very serious problem.

Over a thousand scientists and engineers participated in a control group study in which the vast majority were skeptical of the so-called “consensus.” Here is a write-up I did a few years ago called “Sage Quotations” in which four of the smartest men in history have weighed in on their opinion of those who would violate one or more of the principles these men advocated.


Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci has often been described as the archetype of the renaissance man, a man whose unquenchable curiosity was equaled only by his powers of invention. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived.

“Anyone who conducts an argument by appealing to authority is not using his intelligence; he is just using his memory.”
— Leonardo Da Vinci

Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei, was a Tuscan physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy”, the “father of modern physics”, and “the Father of Modern Science.”

“I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use.”
— Galileo Galilei

Philip HandlerPhilip Handler, was an American Nutritionist and President of the National Academy of Science for 2 terms. Handler was also a recipient of the National Medal of Science. He also believed that experimental observation, judiciously and honestly conducted, is the first obligation of the experimental scientist and that theory must be compatible with observation, not the reverse.

“Scientists best serve public policy by living within the ethics of science, not those of politics. If the scientific community will not unfrock the charlatans, the public will not discern the difference; science and the nation will suffer.”
— Philip Handler, National Academy of Sciences

Michael CrichtonJohn Michael Crichton, M.D., was an American author, producer, director, and physician, best known for his work in the science fiction, medical fiction, and thriller genres. His books have sold over 150 million copies worldwide. As the creator of the TV series ER, most famously as the author of Jurassic Park, and its sequel The Lost World, which were both adapted into high grossing films and leading to the very successful franchise. In 1994 he became the only creative artist ever to experience chart-topping success in America with a film, a television series, and a novel, all at number one simultaneously.

“Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you’re being had.”
— Michael Crichton

Al Gore? James Hansen? IPCC? Are you idiots not listening to the sage advice from some of the smartest men in history?

Sunspot AR 1654

ar1654.jpg

I stepped out into the courtyard today and took this image of the sun. There are several sunspots that my modest solar camera can resolve today, including AR 1654 which could erupt according to SpaceWeather.com:

CHANCE OF FLARES: So far today, solar activity is low. However, that could be the calm before the storm. The magnetic field of big sunspot AR1654 has grown more complex. It is now classified as a ‘beta-gamma-delta’ magnetic field, which means it harbors energy for X-class eruptions.

If you follow the X-class eruptions link it takes you to a NASA site wherein flare classes are defined. There is a neat little three minute video there, that expands on the classification of solar flares. Click on the image to enlarge.

Solar Flare

I watched this short video of a solar flare captured by SDO on New Year’s Eve. The video was on today’s APOD. They compared the prominence to a ballet:

Of particular interest is the tangled magnetic field that directs a type of solar ballet for the hot plasma as it falls back to the Sun.

The sun is approaching solar maximum sometime soon. In some circles, scientists believe we may already have passed the maximum which will prove to be a disappointment to greenbats. It will also disappoint some Ham radio operators who delight in ionospheric radio propagation which is enhanced by solar activity.

The Ringed Planet

Actually, it is one of several ringed planets but the only one whose rings are visible in a telescope on Earth. Today’s APOD posted this wonderful false-color image of Saturn as seen by the Cassini spacecraft in orbit there. Note the backside of the planet (with the sun almost directly on the other side of Saturn) where the solar light reflected from the rings illuminate the dark side.

Imagine being on the dark side of the planet and observing the rings from that position. Click on the image to enlarge.

The Ringed Planet

Image courtesy NASA and Cassini.

Sun Dogs and Circumhelical Arc

Sun Dogs and Circumhelical Arc

Damsel captured this image of some pretty spectacular atmospheric optical effects this afternoon. There are two pronounced sun dogs left and right of the solar disc, a fainter one above and traces of a circumhelical arc connecting the dogs. The cirrus clouds, consisting of minute ice crystals acting as prisms, were refracting the sunlight into the colorful display. Click on the image to enlarge.

It was a beautiful day here, temperature in mid 70’s and this stunning visual display.