Cap'n Bob & the Damsel

Rocket Science

The Solar Neighborhood Today

There’s a lot of interesting things to see in the sky today – the bad news is they’re all happening in the direction of the Sun and impossible to see without special equipment. The good news, however, is that there are ways to see these events without looking directly at the Sun, which is ill-advised and likely dangerous to your vision.

Image: Sunspot 923 as seen through a SolarMax filter

Sunspot 923 is almost in the center of the Sun today, and can be seen using eclipse shades or making a pinhole camera. Over the weekend Damsel and I saw it when I used a pair of binoculars to image the solar disk on the floor.

Continue reading…

13 Nov 2006 by Astronomy Rocket Science

Mercury to Transit the Sun Today

UPDATE 2: A Segment of a heliograph taken in Hawaii shows a tiny dot near the center. The dark spot on the left is a sunspot that is rotating towards Earth.

UPDATE: Astronomy Picture of the Day shows just how unspectacular the transit will appear.

Don’t get your hopes up for a spectacular view of this event. Even with eclipse glasses, mercury’s image will appear to be so very tiny compared to the solar disk.

Left: A prior Mercury transit as observed by SOHO

If you have a pair of binoculars available, you might try and project the sun’s image onto a flat, shaded surface. Point the objective lens (the end you don’t look through) toward the sun and try to focus the solar disk onto the flat surface. DO NOT LOOK AT THE SUN THROUGH THE BINOCULARS!

If you plan to try and observe the event, for God’s sake, do not look at the sun without the proper solar filters — instant damage can be done to your eyes.

From NASA:

NASA – 2006 Transit of Mercury

On Wednesday, Nov 8th, the planet Mercury will pass directly in front the Sun. The transit begins at 2:12 pm EST (11:12 am PST) and lasts for almost five hours. Good views can be had from the Americas, Hawaii, Australia and all along the Pacific Rim.

[Read more]

08 Nov 2006 by Astronomy Rocket Science

Death of a Comet


Did you ever see a comet plunge into the sun? Not likely unless you have seen images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Watch as the comet strikes the heliosphere and causes a solar explosion.

Image: Courtesy NASA and SOHO

Spaceweather.com says:

Yesterday, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) caught a comet plunging toward the sun. It went in–but not out again. The sungrazing comet disintegrated like an ice cube in an oven.

In the animation, the white circle represents the outline of the sun. The dark circle is a shield in the optics to block the solar image so background activity and objects may be seen. Above and to the left is the planet Venus which just passed above and in front of the Sun. In a wider field of view image, the planet Mars can also be seen along with labels explaining the image.

05 Nov 2006 by Aerospace Astronomy Rocket Science

Watching the Sun in STEREO

The twin spacecraft mission STEREO blasted off from Cape Canaveral in a nighttime launch last night. STEREO, which stands for Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory, is a two-spacecraft mission to observe solar activity from two vantage points in orbit around the sun. the spacecraft, identified as A (ahead) and B (behind), will head for the Moon to get a gravitational “slingshot” into orbit. B will be flung into orbit behind the Earth while A will return to the Moon for another boost into orbit ahead of Earth. This separation in space provides a unique view of the Sun from orbits with a similar distance from the Sun as the Earth, while imaging from points away from our planet. The spacecraft will assume their stations near Lagrange points L4 and L5.

Image right: STEREO Night Launch – courtesy NASA

Continue reading…

26 Oct 2006 by Aerospace Environment Rocket Science

The Rings of Saturn

This photo, taken by the Cassini-Huygens Probe shows Saturn’s rings as we’ve never seen them. Taken from behind the planet while the Sun was eclipsed, the photo reveals that there are more rings than previously believed.

Funny things happen when you get the illumination coming from behind an object. Damsel once took a photo of Air Force One that gave the illusion of a transparent vertical stabilizer.

Read the whole story: NASA Finds Saturn’s Moons May be Creating New Rings

17 Oct 2006 by Aerospace Astronomy Rocket Science

Space Radiation Storm

During the years 1999 & 2000 the solar maximum occurred; the time of an 11-year cycle when the Sun exhibits greatest activity. This was the first chance for the Xray Camera on SOHO to observe solar activity at maximum. On July 14, 2000, the camera recorded one of the largest Xray flares to date. In review, this article from NASA recalls the ensuing storm and it’s effects on our planet.

Space Radiation Storm

July 14, 2000 — This morning NOAA satellites and the orbiting Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) recorded one of the most powerful solar flares of the current solar cycle. Space weather forecasters had been predicting for days that an intense flare might erupt from the large sunspot group 9077, and today one did.

“Energetic protons from the flare arrived at Earth about 15 minutes after the eruption,” says Gary Heckman, a space weather forecaster at the NOAA Space Environment Center. “This triggered a category S3 radiation storm.”

Right: This SOHO animation of an X-class solar flare was recorded by the spacecraft’s Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope at 195 angstroms. This recording nicely shows a flare, followed by a torrent of energetic particles that arrived about 15 minutes later, creating snow on the images as the particles bombarded the camera’s electronic detectors. A second flare does not create as much noise. The duration of this sequence is almost a minute, so keep watching.

According to NOAA space weather prediction scales, an S3 storm can cause the following effects on satellites: single-event upsets, noise in imaging systems, permanent damage to exposed components/detectors, and decrease of solar panel currents. It can also expose air travelers at high latitudes to low levels of radiation, the equivalent of a brief chest x-ray.

[more]

Presently, the sun is between maxima. Although the sun is fairly quiet now, there can still be the occasional flare up.

14 Aug 2006 by Astronomy Environment Global Warming Rocket Science

Discovery to Launch on July 4th?

UPDATE: All Systems were GO and Discovery blasted off this afternoon! Godspeed to the Astronauts.

Image: Discovery clears the pad on liftoff — FoxNews.com

Discovery is on the pad and poised for a Fourth of July launch. NASA gives it a sixty-percent chance of launching.

NASA – Space Shuttle

Discovery’s a “Go” for Independence Day

After analysis of available data, the Mission Management Team has given a “go” for Tuesday’s launch of Space Shuttle Discovery to the International Space Station.

During a routine inspection Sunday night after the draining of the external fuel tank, a crack was discovered in the foam near a bracket that holds the liquid oxygen feedline in place. It is believed that the rain experienced during Sunday’s launch attempt caused water to run down the feedline and form ice near the top of the strut next to the feedline bracket. As the tank warmed and expanded, the ice that formed most likely pinched the foam on the top of the strut, causing a crack and eventual loss of the small piece of foam. The Mission Management Team met Monday at 6:30 p.m. EDT to discuss the results of the information before making a final decision regarding Tuesday’s launch attempt.

Extensive analysis showed that the area around the crack is intact and there is no concern for heating as there is adequate foam in place on the strut. Additional borescope inspection of the tank revealed that the bracket has no cracks.

Currently, there is a 60 percent chance of favorable launch weather for Tuesday and a 40 percent chance of favorable weather for Wednesday according to Air Force First Lt. Kaleb Nordgren of the 45th Weather Squadron. If the weather cooperates this will be the first Independence Day launch of a space shuttle!

A Fourth of July Discovery Launch would nicely compliment STS-4 Columbia‘s Fourth of July, 1982 landing at Edwards AFB in California.

SpaceLine.org — July 4, 1982 – 9:09:31 a.m. PDT at Runway 22, Edwards Air Force Base, California. Rollout distance was 9,878 feet. Rollout time was 73 seconds. Mission duration was 7 days, 1 hour, 9 minutes, 31 seconds. Landing occurred during the 113th orbit.

This was the first landing on the 15,000-foot concrete runway at Edwards.

I was lucky enough to have been on Rogers Dry Lake on July 4th, 1982 and witnessed the arrival of STS-4 at Edwards and also to observe NASA’s 747 piggy-back departure with another of the Space Shuttle Fleet in tow that same Day – spectacular! President Reagan was there that day, although I didn’t get close enough to see him.

04 Jul 2006 by Aerospace Rocket Science

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