Aerospace

Magnetic Moondust

A while back, I referenced a story about moondust smelling like gunpowder. Now, it seems, moondust has magnetic properties as well. Each tiny grain of dust contains a few iron particles. The iron’s magnetic properties allow the smallest dust particles to be swept up by magnets. This is a key discovery for NASA engineers who want to return manned expeditions to the lunar surface where dust has plagued the seals of space suits and contaminated mineral samples and just about everything else. Even astronaut Gene Cernan was a moondust mess after a surface excursion (see picture).

NASA – Magnetic Moondust

April 4, 2006: Thirty-plus years ago on the moon, Apollo astronauts made an important discovery: Moondust can be a major nuisance. The fine powdery grit was everywhere and had a curious way of getting into things. Moondust plugged bolt holes, fouled tools, coated astronauts’ visors and abraded their gloves. Very often while working on the surface, they had to stop what they were doing to clean their cameras and equipment using large–and mostly ineffective–brushes.

Dealing with “the dust problem” is going to be a priority for the next generation of NASA explorers. But how? Professor Larry Taylor, director of the Planetary Geosciences Institute at the University of Tennessee, believes he has an answer: “Magnets.”

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Russian Satellite Disabled by Meteor?

A Russian communications satellite in geostationary orbit has apparently taken an “exceptionally rare” meteor impact. The spacecraft’s thermal control system malfunctioned as a result and prompted an attempt by ground controllers to deorbit the spacecraft. Were the satellite to completely fail on station causing the deorbit attempt to be unsuccessful, the residual “space junk” would render a valuable segment of geostationary orbit unusable for re-use for an indeterminate period of time. Available “slots” in the geostationary band are few these days due to high demand.

Don’t think that this is exclusively the Russians’ problem, since many western commercial and military interests vie for slots which are internationally allocated – for military applications, slots are required in view of every location on Earth. For technical reasons (beamwidth and selectivity), geostationary satellites can not be placed at intervals closer than every few degrees. This fact limits the number of satellites that may occupy slots in a thin band of space defined as exactly a specific geostationary distance from the planet and exactly over the equator.

From New Scientist:

Impact suspected for loss of Russian satellite

A Russian communications satellite appears to have been struck by “a sudden external impact”. Its operators say the extent of the damage caused means the satellite will be sent into “space disposal orbit”.

The Russian Satellite Communications Company’s (RSCC) Express-AM11 satellite ran into its trouble at 0341 Moscow time (0041 GMT) on 29 March. Telemetry from the craft indicates that the fluid circuit that is part of the satellite’s thermal control system depressurised very rapidly. Such damage leaves the spacecraft unable to prevent fluctuations in temperature that can cause electronics to fail.

An RSCC statement says that the satellite’s manufacturer, NPO-PM in Krasnoyarsky Krai, Russia, believes the depressurisation was triggered by an external impact on the spacecraft.

The Great Robot Race

The Great Robot Race will air on NOVA Tuesday Night (March 28, 2005). If you can’t watch it then, it will be available on-line Wednesday. Not only are Aerospace concerns competing for DoD DARPA funds, but some scrappy smaller outfits will be involved. Team entrants named “Sandstorm” and “Ghostrider” and 10 others will race across the Mojave Desert to prove their viability as robotic ground vehicles. Speed isn’t the main objective for the DARPA award.

NOVA’s ‘The Great Robot Race’ airs Tuesday

Join NOVA for an exclusive backstage pass to the DARPA Grand Challenge—a raucous race for robotic, driverless vehicles sponsored by the Pentagon, which awards a $2 million purse to the winning team. Armed with artificial intelligence, laser-guided vision, GPS navigation, and 3-D mapping systems, the contenders are some of the world’s most advanced robots. Yet even their formidable technology and mechanical prowess may not be enough to overcome the grueling 130-mile course through Nevada’s desert terrain. From concept to construction to the final competition, “The Great Robot Race” delivers the absorbing inside story of clever engineers and their unyielding drive to create a champion, capturing the only aerial footage that exists of the Grand Challenge.

Image: Some of the Robots entered in the race. NOVA

Mars Spirit Rover Struggles Toward McCool Hill

Both Mars rovers have far exceeded their “warranty” and despite setbacks from time to time, have bounced back to carry on with their extended missions. The Spirit rover is currently limping (backwards, on five out of six wheels) toward it’s winter resting place atop a hill named “McCool.”

From Jet Propulsion Labs:

Mars Exploration Rover Mission: The Mission

Spirit Continues Driving on Five Wheels:

Spirit continued to make progress toward “McCool Hill” despite a reduction in solar energy and problems with the right front wheel. The team plans to have the rover spend the winter on the hill’s north-facing slopes, where the tilt toward the sun would help maximize daily output by the solar panels. On Spirit’s 779th sol, or Martian day (March 13, 2006), the drive actuator on the right front wheel stalled during a turn to adjust the position of the rover’s antennas. The stall ended the day’s drive, which brought Spirit 29 meters (95 feet) closer to McCool, still approximately 120 meters (390 feet) away.

Engineers conducted tests on sols 781 and 782 (March 15 and 16, 2006) on a testbed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as well as remotely on Spirit. Further analysis is needed to determine what caused the right front actuator to stop working. Meanwhile, the operations team has successfully commanded Spirit to drive using only 5 wheels. Engineers plan to have Spirit continue driving backward with five healthy wheels while dragging the right front wheel.

Toys

Due to rearrangement of the Defense Budget, a couple of the candidate Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) programs will be replaced by more up-to-date technologies and mission requirements. From GovExec.com:

Replacing the Joint Unmanned Combat Air System –consisting so far of two Boeing X-45A prototype smart aircraft and a Northrop Grumman X-47A demonstrator –with a longer range unmanned aircraft will save $158 million next year.

Although NGC’s X-47A project is discontinued, it must have been great to be a part of the development team that flew the Pegasus prototype. What a rush a cool toy like this must bring . . .

Press the > button to play. The .wmv file size is about 4 MB.

UPDATE: I’ve been advised that some browsers can’t view the file. If you aren’t able to see the video, you can download it.

SuitSat Batt Flat

I told you this was a Russian brainfart. From SpaceWeather.com

SUITSAT IS SILENT: Space is cold–apparently too cold for SuitSat’s batteries. The Earth-orbiting spacesuit stopped transmitting shortly after it was thrown overboard from the International Space Station on Feb. 3rd. Probable cause: lack of power.

Right: SuitSat floats away from the International Space Station on Feb. 3rd.

This doesn’t mean that SuitSat was a failure. The experimental satellite was “launched” to answer questions such as “Can a spacesuit-satellite function without internal temperature controls?” The answer, apparently, is no. Next-generation SuitSats will take this into account.

SuitSat will continue to orbit Earth for weeks, spiraling slowly into the atmosphere. Stay tuned for information about seeing SuitSat in the night sky.